Australian scientists at CSIRO’s Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex will track Nasa’s Artemis 1 as it orbits the moon and splashes down in the Pacific Ocean. Photograph: Joe Skipper/Reuters
The launch was planned for Monday night, but was scrubbed due to technical issues. The next launch window will be on Friday.
The mission is a “full dress rehearsal” for sending humans to the moon in 2025, CSIRO’s Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex (CDSCC) spokesperson Glen Nagle says.
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When it goes ahead, a Space Launch System rocket will boost the Orion spacecraft into Earth’s orbit. Then the Orion will use its own propulsion source to exit orbit and head into deep space.
About 70 minutes after the craft launches from Cape Canaveral in Florida, the CDSCC will pick up the signal, and it will work with its Nasa Deep Space network stations in Spain and California to monitor and triangulate the Orion.
Orion will spend about eight days getting to the moon, orbit for about a week, then splashdown in the Pacific Ocean in October.
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Nagle – now 60 – said he was a seven-year-old boy in 1969 when he watched Buzz Aldrin land on the moon as part of the Apollo mission, and he felt like that again.
“The team in the control room will be busy readying the antennae to make first contact with the spacecraft. We’ll be the first station to have contact with the spacecraft as it begins its outward journey to the moon, then, of course, we’ll have continuous contact through our partners.
“We’re going to be getting telemetry from the spacecraft, ensure all the equipment is operating correctly and getting that information back to Houston, and we’ll be tracking it, making sure that it’s on course.”
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This is a practice run for when the crewed mission heads to the moon. That mission will not just orbit, but will land and start work on a settlement that will eventually be a jumping-off point for Mars.
This mission may not have a human crew, but it does have Captain Moonikin Campos on board. Moonikin, named by the public and partly in tribute to Apollo 13 engineer Arturo Campos, will wear the same full body spacesuits that Artemis astronauts will use and will be set up with sensors to detect radiation, acceleration and vibration.
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“Sean the sheep” is on board, to recognise the involvement of the European Space Agency, and there are a range of other materials included as part of the experiment.
“Australia was there for the first moon landing and CSIRO is excited to be there for when Nasa lands the first woman and the first person of colour on the moon in the 2020s, ” she said.
“CSIRO’s longstanding relationship with Nasa stretches back more than 60 years, creating breakthrough solutions from science, and fuelled by our shared ambition to push the boundaries of imagination to benefit life back on Earth.
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“Our expert team at the CDSCC, and their sister Deep Space network stations located in Spain and the USA, will provide around-the-clock coverage of the mission.”
This article was amended on 29 August 2022. The mission sending humans back to the moon is planned for 2025, not 2035 as the subheading and text of an earlier version said.NASA has provided an outline of the cameras aboard the Artemis I rocket and unmanned Orion spacecraft during Orion's more than 64, 000km (40, 000 mi) journey beyond the Moon. The onboard cameras will collect important engineering data and deliver impressive new views as Orion begins 'humanity's return to the Moon.'
Aboard Artemis I and Orion, there are 24 cameras, including eight on the Artemis I Space Launch System (SLS) and 16 on Orion. The cameras will document major mission events, such as liftoff, ascent, solar array deployment, external rocket inspections, landing and recovery. The cameras will also photograph Earth and the Moon.
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On the rocket, which successfully launched early this morning from Kennedy Space Center, there is a quartet of cameras around the engine section that point up toward Orion, a pair of cameras at the intertank near the top of the boosters and two cameras on the launch vehicle stage adapter. The eight cameras will cycle through a preprogrammed sequence during launch and ascent, including capturing booster separation and core stage separation.
On Orion, an external camera mounted on the crew module adapter will photograph the SLS rocket's ascent, delivering a 'rocket cam' view. Four cameras attached to Orion's solar array wings will help engineers monitor Orion's health and capture selfie views of the spacecraft with Earth or the Moon in the background.
'Each of Orion's four solar array wings has a commercial off-the-shelf camera mounted at the tip that has been highly modified for use in space, providing a view of the spacecraft exterior, ' said David Melendrez, imagery integration lead for the Orion Program at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
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The solar array wings are adjustable to optimize sunlight collection, which Orion uses to power itself, as well as to point cameras at different parts of the spacecraft for inspection and to capture images of its surroundings.
'NASA’s Space Launch System rocket carrying the Orion spacecraft launches on the Artemis I flight test, Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2022, from Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA’s Artemis I mission is the first integrated flight test of the agency’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and ground systems. SLS and Orion launched at 1:47am ET from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center.'
A specialized camera on the crew module adapter is used for optical navigation. The camera will also help pinpoint Orion's location in space and photograph the Moon during Orion's closest approach. There are wireless cameras inside Orion to document the perspective of the astronauts. A pair of external high-speed cameras will monitor parachute operations during re-entry.
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The cameras will also capture video, ranging from standard-definition up to 4K resolution. Each camera and its formats are tailored to its intended purpose and available bandwidth. Due to restricted bandwidth, mission-critical data will be prioritized and some high-quality views may not be available until long after they're captured. Further, each camera has been optimized to capture imagery of the spacecraft, rather than deep space. NASA points out that 'imagery for the Artemis I flight will depend on a variety of factors such as lighting, spacecraft orientation, and communication capabilities during different mission phases.'
'A lot of folks have an impression of Earthrise based on the classic Apollo 8 shot, ' Melendrez said. 'Images captured during the mission will be different than what humanity saw during Apollo missions, but capturing milestone events such as Earthrise, Orion’s farthest distance from Earth and lunar flyby will be a high priority.'
Orion also includes three in-cabin cameras as part of a technology demonstration, Callisto. The in-cabin cameras will be used to test video conferencing and 'may enhance the public's ability to imagine themselves inside Orion.'
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During NASA's Artemis missions, NASA will land the first woman and the first person of color on the Moon. To learn more about the Artemis Program and its goals, visit NASA.
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